Hard and soft
A hard rule is one the engine will not break to find a solution. A soft rule is one it weighs and tries to minimise. Many rules here can be either, because whether a limit is absolute or a strong preference is a decision your organisation makes, not one we make for you.
Three layers
Strategic rules shape the month when the roster is built. Tactical rules govern position allocation on the day. Swap rules run when someone asks to exchange a shift. They are different engines solving different problems.
Configurable is the point
Your collective agreement is not ours. A rule marked administrator-tunable has its threshold, its weight and its hard or soft status set in your instance. That is what makes the same engine work under a different regulatory regime.